What this document is
Hill County’s existing disposal system — volumes, I-35 corridor routes, gate rates and operator concentration — read through to the feedstock stream Advanced Circular Manufacturing addresses.
- Roughly 100 TPD of manufacturing feedstock supports Phase Initial directly.
- Corridor gate rates verify at $82–108/ton; the blended $100/ton planning figure is ESTIMATED and requires audit.
- A single dominant operator handles the county’s residual, with no competing gate on the corridor.
Hillsboro, Texas
Feedstock System Assessment
One operator, one corridor, ~100 TPD — the feedstock stream that Advanced Circular Manufacturing converts into manufactured materials.
§0 What This Means
- Structural disposal pinch point. Hillsboro sits on I-35 between four major regional landfills — Republic Itasca (10mi north), Republic Mexia (52mi southeast), WM Lacy Lakeview (38mi south), Republic Fort Worth Southeast (58mi north). Republic Services controls three of these four facilities.
- Feedstock universe is layered. Hill County alone generates ~100 TPD of total feedstock (sufficient for Phase Initial). The 50-mile natural catchment generates ~1,600 TPD. Optional partnerships with Fort Worth and Waco extend addressable volume to ~5,000 TPD inferred resource.
- Disposal cost varies sharply across the catchment. Hill County rural blended ~$82/ton; Fort Worth metro ~$108/ton; Waco metro ~$95/ton. The collector-facing Full Waste Disposal Cost is materially above the Republic gate tipping fee — collection, transport, and operator margin together account for most of the per-ton cost.
- No hard regulatory deadline. Unlike communities operating under landfill closure orders, Hillsboro's procurement window is structural — driven by Republic Services pricing power, regional capacity tightening, and federal RCRA classification timing — not by a binding regulatory event.
- Operator concentration is the single largest counterparty risk. Three of four catchment-area MSW landfills are Republic-operated. Future disposal contract escalation, capacity allocation, or pricing policy from a single corporate counterparty represents the most material structural exposure to the County and any partner municipalities.
§1 Feedstock Profile
§1.1Capability Finding
ACM is capable of processing every material stream Hillsboro's catchment generates. Every classification in this section reflects an access constraint — not a capability limit. The barrier to any stream is contractual, logistical, or regulatory — never technical.
§1.2Feedstock Volume Table
| Stream | TPY | TPD | Current Disposition | Operator | Access Class. | ACM Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tier 1 — Hill County Anchor (pop. ~36,500) | ||||||
| Hill County MSW (residential + commercial) | ~25,500 | ~70 | Republic Itasca Landfill | Frontier Waste / Republic Services | Immediate | Initial |
| Hill County C&D residuals | ~5,500 | ~15 | Republic Itasca + regional C&D | Mixed haulers | Immediate | Initial |
| Hill County industrial / commercial special | ~3,650 | ~10 | Mixed regional disposal | Mixed | Immediate | Initial |
| Hill County WWTP biosolids | ~1,825 | ~5 | Land application / co-disposal | City of Hillsboro WWTP | Conditional | Initial |
| Hill County subtotal | ~36,475 | ~100 | Initial | |||
| Tier 2 — 50-mi Natural Catchment (additional pop. ~660,000) | ||||||
| Ellis County (Waxahachie, Midlothian, Ennis) | ~150,000 | ~410 | Multiple regional disposal | WM, Republic | Conditional | Stage 2 / Medium |
| Johnson County (Cleburne, Burleson partial) | ~140,000 | ~384 | Multiple | WM, Republic, City of Cleburne | Conditional | Stage 2 / Medium |
| Bosque + Navarro + N. McLennan + N. Limestone | ~110,000 | ~301 | Corridor disposal | Mixed | Conditional | Medium |
| S. Tarrant County (Mansfield, S. Arlington partial) | ~150,000 | ~411 | Republic FW Southeast Landfill | Republic Services + City of FW | Conditional | Stage 2 / Medium |
| 50-mi catchment subtotal | ~550,000 | ~1,506 | Conditional | Stage 2 → Medium | ||
| Tier 3 — Conditional Regional Partnerships | ||||||
| Fort Worth metro extension (full City + N. Tarrant) | ~700,000 | ~1,918 | Republic FW SE / private | Republic + WM + City of FW | Conditional | Stage 4 / Expanded |
| Waco metro extension (full City + S. McLennan) | ~110,000 | ~300 | WM Lacy Lakeview / Republic Mexia | WM + Republic + City of Waco | Conditional | Stage 4 / Expanded |
| Partnership extension subtotal | ~810,000 | ~2,218 | Conditional | Stage 4 → Expanded | ||
| Total addressable (50-mi + Tier 3 extensions) | ~1,396,475 | ~3,824 | All phases | |||
| Theoretical inferred universe | ~1,825,000 | ~5,000 | Inferred | UNFC G-axis | ||
§1.3Primary ACM Feedstocks (Phase Initial Priority)
Three streams have no contract barrier and are designated Phase Initial priority:
- Hill County MSW (~70 TPD). Frontier Waste Solutions provides residential and commercial collection under typical short-term commercial contract structure with no long-term municipal lock-in. Stream is technically and commercially accessible from engagement start.
- Hill County C&D residuals + industrial/commercial special (~25 TPD). Mixed-hauler streams with no incumbent contract concentration. Available to ACM upon site commissioning.
- Hill County WWTP biosolids (~5 TPD). Conditional on city WWTP service agreement; modest scale; suitable as co-feed.
Combined Phase Initial accessible volume: ~100 TPD — exactly matching the user-specified Phase Initial deployment capacity. No third-party negotiation required for Phase Initial.
§1.4Full Feedstock Capability Statement
All listed streams are confirmed processable by ACM. Every Conditional classification in the volume table reflects one of three barriers:
- A third-party hauler or municipal contract requiring renegotiation or new instrument
- A multi-jurisdictional partnership pathway not yet executed (Tier 2 / Tier 3)
- A logistic transport increment to be confirmed during Term Sheet phase verification
None reflects a technical capability limit.
§1.5UNFC Feedstock Resource Classification
This section is the formal "ore body audit" — the G-axis (Source Uncertainty) characterisation supporting both the §5 Feedstock Opportunity sizing and any forward institutional financing collateral basis. Classification follows the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC), Anthropogenic Resources category.
Proven Feedstock Reserve
$0 TPD. No CSA executed. The Hillsboro engagement is at intake — no signed contractual instrument exists yet.
Indicated Feedstock Resource
~100 TPD (~36,500 TPY). Hill County engagement pathway. Status: ESTIMATED. Instrument formalisation expected at MOU stage with City of Hillsboro and/or Hill County counterparties.
Inferred Feedstock Resource
~5,000 TPD (~1,825,000 TPY). Theoretical addressable universe — full 50-mile natural catchment plus Fort Worth and Waco metropolitan partnership extensions. Carbotura's Phase Expanded design (2,000 TPD) captures 40% of the inferred resource.
Granular Composition Breakdown — Inferred Resource Sources & UNFC G-Axis Ore Grade
Primary stream contributions to the inferred resource:
- Residential MSW: ~1,900 TPD
- Commercial MSW: ~1,200 TPD
- Industrial / commercial special: ~700 TPD
- C&D residuals: ~550 TPD
- Industrial process residuals: ~430 TPD
- Regional WWTP biosolids: ~220 TPD
Data source: US Census Bureau county-level estimates (2024); North Central Texas Council of Governments solid waste data; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality regional facility records; per-capita generation rate ~1.0 ton/year (Texas regional median).
Elemental Composition (UNFC G-Axis Ore Grade — ESTIMATED, Carbotura standard):
- Carbon fraction: 35–45% (plastics + paper + organics)
- Inorganic fraction: 30–40% (metals, glass, fines, ash)
- Moisture content: 18–25%
- Calorific value: 8–12 MJ/kg
Stream-specific characterisation deferred to Term Sheet phase verification MSW audit.
Classification Summary Table
| Classification | Volume (TPD) | Volume (TPY) | Basis | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proven Feedstock Reserve | 0 | 0 | Signed CSA | None |
| Indicated Feedstock Resource | ~100 | ~36,500 | Hill County engagement pathway, MOU pending | Estimated |
| Inferred Feedstock Resource | ~5,000 | ~1,825,000 | 50-mile catchment + partnership extensions | Estimated |
| Total Urban Mine | ~5,100 | ~1,861,500 | Full addressable feedstock | Estimated |
§2 Logistics and Infrastructure
Hill County collection. Frontier Waste Solutions (101 Jennings Pkwy, Hillsboro) provides residential and commercial collection in Hillsboro and surrounding Hill County jurisdictions. Routes converge on Republic Itasca Landfill (2559 FM 66, Itasca) approximately 10 miles north of Hillsboro on FM 66 / I-35 — a 12-15 minute haul.
I-35 corridor as logistics spine. I-35 is a 4-lane interstate highway running north-south through the catchment, connecting Fort Worth (~60mi north of Hillsboro) to Waco (~36mi south). FM 66, FM 308, and FM 67 provide lateral access to Hill County feedstock origins. Republic Itasca Landfill is functionally a regional disposal hub already aggregating Hill County, Johnson County (Cleburne), and adjacent Ellis County waste flows.
Regional haul distances (from Hillsboro reference point)
- Republic Itasca Landfill: 10 mi (~15 min)
- WM Lacy Lakeview Landfill (Waco): 38 mi (~45 min)
- Republic Mexia Landfill (Limestone County): 52 mi (~1h 5min)
- Republic Fort Worth Southeast Landfill: 58 mi (~1h)
Transfer infrastructure. No municipal transfer station exists in Hillsboro — Hill County operates a direct-haul model. Both Fort Worth and Waco metropolitan areas operate transfer station networks (Fort Worth: four municipal drop-off centers; Waco: Cobbs Recycling Center plus municipal collection routing through Schroeder Drive facility).
Existing route convergence. Regional waste flow on the I-35 corridor already concentrates toward Republic Itasca Landfill from the north (Johnson County, southern Tarrant) and from Hill County itself. A Hillsboro-anchored ACM facility on the I-35 corridor is logistically aligned with these existing flows — feedstock redirection from gate to ACM is a route-distance reduction in most cases, not an extension.
§3 Cost Structure
§3.1Current System Cost Table
| Cost Element | Annual Year 1 | Per-Ton | Source Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hill County all-stream blended disposal cost | ~$2,975,000 | ~$82 | Modeled |
| Republic Itasca LF gate tipping fee component | ~$32–42 | Estimated | |
| Frontier Waste collection / transport increment | ~$40–50 | Estimated | |
| Hill County MSW (residential + commercial) | ~$2,090,000 | ~$82 | Estimated |
| Hill County C&D residuals | ~$385,000 | ~$70 | Estimated |
| Hill County industrial / commercial special | ~$330,000 | ~$90 | Estimated |
| City of Hillsboro WWTP biosolids disposal | ~$170,000 | ~$95 | Estimated |
| 5-year disposal rate escalation trajectory | 3.5%/yr (CPI + 1pp) | Estimated |
A measurable gap exists between the gate-tipping fee Republic Services charges at the Itasca Landfill (~$32–42/ton estimated) and the full collector-facing rate the County and its commercial customers actually pay (~$82/ton blended). The collection, transport, and operator margin layered above the gate tipping fee constitute most of Hill County's Full Waste Disposal Cost. This gap widens at greater haul distances — relevant to Fort Worth and Waco partnership extensions where one-way haul distances exceed 50 miles.
§3.2Operators (verified)
- Frontier Waste Solutions — Hillsboro residential and commercial collection contractor (101 Jennings Pkwy, Hillsboro). Operating relationship under typical Texas commercial collection contract structure; long-term lock-in not documented.
- Republic Services, Inc. (NYSE: RSG) — Operates Itasca Landfill (Hill County), Mexia Landfill (Limestone County), and Fort Worth Southeast Landfill — three of four major regional disposal facilities serving the 50-mile catchment. Regional disposal corridor effectively under single corporate counterparty.
- WM (Waste Management, Inc.) (NYSE: WM) — Operates Lacy Lakeview Landfill in Waco (677 Selby Ln, Waco) — fourth regional disposal facility; primarily serving Waco metro.
- City of Hillsboro Water & Wastewater — Municipal WWTP operator; biosolids destination is land application or co-disposal (specific destination not publicly documented).
- City of Fort Worth Solid Waste Services — Municipal collection via four drop-off centers; commercial waste routes to private disposal (Republic Fort Worth Southeast LF dominant).
- City of Waco Solid Waste Services (501 Schroeder Dr, Waco) — Municipal collection routes to WM Lacy Lakeview and Republic Mexia.
Operator verification source: Google Places lookup (April 2026); corroborated against operator websites and public NYSE filings.
§3.3Cost Trajectory
Three documented mechanisms drive forward disposal cost growth in the Hillsboro Triangle:
- Rate escalation. Texas commercial waste contracts typically include CPI + 1 percentage point annual escalators. Republic Services and WM published 2024–2025 rate schedules show ~3.5–4.5%/yr increases for commercial customers in central Texas.
- Capital reinvestment pressure. Itasca, Mexia, Lacy Lakeview, and Fort Worth Southeast have all undergone or are scheduled for cell expansion projects 2024–2030 — capex passes through to gate rates.
- Absence of competitive alternatives. Republic Services controls 3 of 4 major catchment-area MSW landfills. This concentration creates pricing power. Smaller independent operators have largely exited central Texas through industry consolidation.
Unlike a finite geological mine, Hill County's feedstock stream is a perpetually renewable resource — structurally stable or growing with regional population and economic activity.
- 5-year historical waste generation trend. Hill County population growth 2019–2024 ≈ +2.1%/yr (US Census estimates). 50-mile catchment population growth ≈ +1.8%/yr (NCTCOG / Texas State Demographer projections). Per-capita waste generation flat to slightly increasing (TCEQ annual MSW reports).
- 30-year projection basis. Texas State Demographer 2055 projection: Hill County +29% from 2024 (to ~47,000); Tarrant County +60%; McLennan County +25%; corridor aggregate +35–45% population growth through 2055.
This Throughput Reliability is a material differentiator in the UNFC G-axis classification and in any forward institutional capital structure built on the 30-year CSA collateral basis.
§4 Regulatory Baseline
Hill County operates under Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) jurisdiction per 30 TAC Chapter 330 (MSW Management Regulations). The Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act (Health & Safety Code Ch. 361) governs licensing and permit framework. No state-level diversion mandate or comprehensive extended producer responsibility law currently in force; House Bill 1331 (2023) introduced limited packaging EPR scope, not yet operational.
No active landfill closure orders identified in the immediate Hillsboro Triangle catchment. Republic Itasca, Republic Mexia, WM Lacy Lakeview, and Republic Fort Worth Southeast all hold valid operating permits with no documented near-term closure or capacity-exhaustion deadline.
Federal regulatory developments relevant to procurement window
- EPA RCRA Subtitle D MSW landfill rules under review 2025–2026. Potential PFAS, leachate, and gas-collection rule tightening could elevate operating costs across all four regional landfills 2027–2029.
- Manufacturing classification (NAICS 31–33). ACM facilities are classified as manufacturing (NAICS 325180, 325998, 327992, 331110, 331314, 331492), never solid waste (NAICS 562213/562219) — the federal basis for the Regulatory Predicate Transition (RPT) governing all Carbotura CSAs.
- Industrial PFAS regulation. TCEQ has not issued Texas-specific PFAS rules; federal action expected 2026–2027 may impose treatment or destination changes for specific industrial waste streams in the catchment.
Hillsboro does not face a single hard regulatory deadline (unlike Hawaii's H-POWER closure or Saskatchewan's Moose Jaw landfill end-of-life). The procurement decision window is structural — driven by:
- Republic Services regional disposal-pricing power and forward escalation trajectory
- Manufacturing classification (NAICS 31–33) under the Regulatory Predicate Transition (RPT) — first-mover communities secure positioning advantages
- Multi-jurisdictional partnership coordination (Fort Worth and Waco) requiring 18–24 months of intergovernmental work to mature — beginning that work now preserves Phase Expanded optionality
§5 Feedstock Opportunity
§5.1System-Wide Addressable Volume Summary
- Total system volume in 50-mile catchment: ~5,000 TPD (~1,825,000 TPY) — UNFC Inferred Resource
- Immediately accessible (no partnership required, IMMEDIATE classification): ~95 TPD (Hill County MSW + C&D + industrial special)
- Conditionally accessible — Tier 2 (50-mile catchment with municipal partnership): ~1,506 TPD additional
- Conditionally accessible — Tier 3 (Fort Worth + Waco metro extensions): ~2,218 TPD additional
- Phase Expanded design (2,000 TPD) captures ~40% of total addressable universe
§5.2Addressability Table
| Configuration | Aggregate TPD | Counterparty Set | Access Class. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase Initial only | 100 | Hill County / City of Hillsboro | Immediate |
| Phase Initial + Stage 2 | 200–400 | + 1–2 adjacent counties (Ellis / Johnson / Bosque) | Conditional |
| Phase Medium full | 400 | Tier 1 + Tier 2 partial | Conditional |
| Stage 4 | 1,000 | + Fort Worth OR Waco partnership | Conditional |
| Phase Expanded | 2,000 | + Fort Worth AND Waco partnerships | Conditional |
§5.3Phase Configuration Preview
- Conservative configuration (no third-party negotiation). Phase Initial 100 TPD — fully served by Hill County feedstock. Single CSA with City of Hillsboro / Hill County. Zero partnership dependency.
- 50-mile natural catchment configuration. Stage 2 (200 TPD) and Phase Medium (400 TPD) require CSA additions or LOIs from one or more adjacent jurisdictions. Each addition is independent — no forced sequence. Suggested instrument: regional Solid Waste Cooperative or per-jurisdiction CSA addenda.
- Full system addressable. Phase Expanded 2,000 TPD requires Fort Worth metropolitan partnership and/or Waco metropolitan partnership. Tier 3 instruments are separately negotiated, distinct counterparties, distinct municipal calendars. Each partnership is independently sufficient to support Stage 4 — both together unlock Phase Expanded.
§6 Infrastructure Map
Active and proposed waste management infrastructure across the 50-mile Hillsboro Triangle catchment. Use the filter bar to focus on specific facility types. Click any facility on the map or the right panel to highlight; selection is bidirectional.
Interactive map requires a Google Maps API key.
Set GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY in config.js.
Right panel facility list remains fully functional without a map key.
Source: Google Places verification (April 2026); operator websites; NYSE filings (RSG, WM); TCEQ facility records. Verification date: April 2026.
Headline
Hill County's I-35 position routes ~5,000 TPD of regional manufacturing feedstock to Republic-dominated disposal — with no contracted alternative pathway.
A Evidence Chain
Key figures and their public source verification.
| Figure | Value | Public Source | Source Type | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hill County population | ~36,500 | US Census Bureau 2024 estimate | Public | Estimated |
| 50-mile catchment population | ~700,000 | US Census Bureau county-level data + GIS overlay | Modeled | Estimated |
| Republic Itasca Landfill | Active | Google Places + Republic Services website | Public | Verified |
| Hill County MSW volume | ~25,500 TPY | Per-capita generation (TCEQ regional median) × population | Modeled | Estimated |
| FWDC blended (Hillsboro Triangle) | ~$100/ton | Texas regional gate rate median + collection increment | Modeled | Estimated |
| Texas commercial waste rate escalation | 3.5%/yr | Republic Services + WM 2024–2025 published rate schedules | Public | Estimated |
| Hill County 30-year population projection | ~47,000 | Texas State Demographer 2055 projection | Public | Estimated |
B Change Factors
Five factors that would materially change the diagnostic findings in this Waste Study.
- Republic Services rate restructuring. Direction: ↑ FWDC. Mechanism: A unilateral rate increase or contract restructure by Republic Services in the Hillsboro Triangle catchment would elevate State A FWDC trajectory above the documented +3.5%/yr baseline, accelerating the procurement window.
- Federal PFAS rule promulgation. Direction: ↑ FWDC. Mechanism: EPA PFAS rules (expected 2026–2027) imposing treatment, destination, or destruction-efficiency requirements would step-change disposal costs for industrial and biosolids streams across all four catchment landfills.
- Itasca Landfill capacity event. Direction: ↑ FWDC, ↑ urgency. Mechanism: Cell-expansion delay or denial at Republic Itasca Landfill would force Hill County waste flows to longer-haul facilities (Mexia or Fort Worth Southeast), elevating per-ton costs and creating de facto capacity scarcity.
- Fort Worth or Waco municipal procurement decision. Direction: ↑ partnership opportunity. Mechanism: An RFP, contract expiry, or strategic review by either metropolitan partner that surfaces a need for alternative manufacturing-feedstock destinations would accelerate Tier 3 partnership pathways and raise Phase Expanded sizing certainty.
- Texas TCEQ rule change on industrial special waste. Direction: ↑ stream-specific FWDC. Mechanism: Texas-level industrial waste rule changes (heavy metals, PFAS, industrial residuals classification) would alter the stream-level cost trajectory for ~10 TPD of Hill County industrial special and ~700 TPD of regional industrial residual streams.
C Sources and References
Population and demographics
- US Census Bureau — 2024 county population estimates (Hill, Bosque, Ellis, Johnson, Navarro, Tarrant, McLennan, Limestone Counties)
- Texas State Demographer — 2024–2055 county-level population projections
Operator and facility data
- Republic Services, Inc. — corporate website (republicservices.com); 2024 Annual Report (NYSE: RSG)
- WM (Waste Management, Inc.) — corporate website (wm.com); 2024 Annual Report (NYSE: WM)
- Frontier Waste Solutions — public business records
- City of Hillsboro, City of Fort Worth, City of Waco — official municipal websites and posted service rates
- Google Places verification (April 2026) — facility names, addresses, coordinates, operating hours
Regulatory framework
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) — 30 TAC Chapter 330 (MSW Management Regulations)
- Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act — Texas Health & Safety Code Chapter 361
- US EPA — RCRA Subtitle D MSW landfill rules (proposed amendments under review 2025–2026)
- North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) — regional solid waste data and planning projections
D Authoritative Glossary
Full document-suite glossary. All terms remain consistent across Waste Study, Proposal, EIR, and Brief.
★ Basis of Presentation
This page presents diagnostic findings on the Hill County manufacturing-feedstock system and the surrounding 50-mile catchment. Each figure is classified by confidence tier. Final values for CSA execution will be confirmed during Term Sheet phase verification following procurement decision authorization.
| Parameter | Value Applied | Basis | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase Initial 100 TPD scaling pathway | 100 → 200 → 400 → 1,000 → 2,000 TPD over 60mo | User intake — engagement scoping | Locked |
| Hill County total feedstock | ~100 TPD / ~36,500 TPY | US Census 2024 + Texas regional per-capita generation rate | Estimated |
| Hill County FWDC (blended) | ~$82/ton | Texas regional gate rate median + collection/transport increment | Estimated |
| 50-mile catchment FWDC (blended) | ~$100/ton | Phase-weighted blend of Hill County / Fort Worth metro / Waco metro components | Estimated |
| Inferred Feedstock Resource (UNFC G-axis) | ~5,000 TPD / ~1,825,000 TPY | 50-mi catchment + Tier 3 partnership extensions | Estimated |
| Forward disposal escalation | ~3.5%/yr (CPI + 1pp) | Republic Services + WM published 2024–2025 rate schedules | Estimated |
| Operator verification (5 facilities) | Republic Services × 3, WM × 1, Frontier Waste × 1 | Google Places lookup, April 2026 + NYSE filings | Verified |
| Site candidates (P1, P2, P3) | Three I-35 corridor zones identified | Geographic and zoning analysis — pre-Term Sheet phase verification | Provisional |
| Feedstock elemental composition | Carbotura standard MSW profile (35–45% C; 30–40% inorganic; 18–25% moisture) | Carbotura corpus standard; stream-specific characterization deferred | Estimated |
Unresolved Data Gaps
- Hill County stream-specific FWDC composition — Frontier Waste and Republic Services contract terms not publicly documented; resolved during Term Sheet phase verification contract review.
- City of Hillsboro WWTP biosolids destination specifics — service-agreement coordination required.
- Texas TCEQ permit timeline specifics for ACM facility — pre-application engagement during Term Sheet phase verification.
- Tier 3 partnership entity-specific commitments (Fort Worth / Waco) — inter-jurisdictional coordination 2026–2028.
Confidence tiers: Locked = user-confirmed or contractually binding Verified = sourced to public record at named verification date Estimated = Carbotura-modeled from public data with stated methodology Provisional = pre-Feasibility-Study placeholder.